氮杂环卡宾催化合成氰基化合物的研究进展

Cyanide compounds are not only widely found in medicine and pesticide molecules, but also a class of important intermediates. The traditional method for the synthesis of cyano compounds is to use the simplest cyanide reagents such as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and hydrocyanic acid, but the toxicity and instability of cyanide reagents have limited its application in synthesis. Therefore, the development of organic cyanide reagents and cyanide-free reagents for the construction of cyano compounds has attracted much attention. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) is a kind of effective small-molecule organocatalysts. A series of catalytic activation modes enabled by NHC have been developed for the formation of various carbon-carbon (C—C) and carbon-heteroatom (C—X) bonds. With the purpose of attracting much attention to this research field and bringing new ideas into the development of the NHC organocatalytic reactions, the catalytic reactions for the construction of cyano compounds enabled by NHC with organic cyanide reagents or cyanide-free reagents are summarized.