A Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Bio-Macromolecule Film for Stable Zinc Anode

Side reactions on zinc metal (Zn) anodes are formidable issues that cause limited battery life of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Here, a facile and controllable layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique is deployed to construct an ion-conductive and mechanically robust electrolyte/anode interface for stabilizing the Zn anode. The LbL film consists of two natural and biodegradable bio-macromolecules, chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA). It is shown that such an LbL film tailors the solvation sheath of Zn ions and facilitates the oriented deposition of Zn. Symmetric cells with the four double layers of CS/SA ((CS/SA)₄–Zn) exhibit stable cycles for over 6500 h. The (CS/SA)₄–Zn||H₂V₃O₈ coin cell maintains a specific capacity of 125.5 mAh g⁻¹ after 14 000 cycles. The pouch cell with an electrode area of 5 × 7 cm² also presents a capacity retention of 83% for over 500 cycles at 0.1 A g⁻¹. No obvious dendrites are observed after long cycles in both symmetric and full cells. Given the cost-effective material and fabrication, and environmental friendliness of the LbL films, this Zn protection strategy may boost the industrial application of AZIBs.