A systematic review on artificial intelligence applications in seaports – a network analysis approach

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in advancing the digital transformation of seaports, yet the integration of smart technologies in this traditional sector is still not extensively explored. This systematic review compiles and analyzes the existing literature from Scopus and Web of Science on AI applications in seaports, examining the scope and complexity of AI utilization across various operational modules. Using network analysis, our study assesses the relevance and prevalence of AI technologies in a body of work dedicated to maritime applications. We have identified three primary gaps: (1) in seaport operations, advanced AI techniques such as computer vision and artificial neural networks are notably absent in wave forecasting; (2) in truck and route management, there is a lack of optimization for quay cranes and a significant underutilization of deep reinforcement learning; (3) in vessel management, the potential for enhanced application of artificial neural networks and big data analytics could significantly improve safety, security, and operational management. Our findings suggest a comprehensive strategy that prioritizes technological integration, predictive analytics, and collaborative initiatives to boost operational efficiency, safety, and sustainability, aligning with industry movements toward greater automation.