Atomic force microscopic observations on the crystalline morphology of poly(ethylene naphthalate)/clay nanocomposites

Atomic force microscopic observations on an isothermally crystallized poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN)/clay nanocomposite suggest that the presence of nanoclay alters the lamellar organization in PEN mainly in three ways: 1) physically blocking the crystal growth front and creating wide amorphous regions within the spherulites, which may then be filled by secondary lamellae branching out from the primary lamellae of the same spherulite, or primary lamellae developed from other nearby nucleating centers; 2) inducing random twisting of lamellae; and 3) causing irregular crystallite growth fronts, with the protrusion of some leading lamellae. In particular, the physical hindrance imposed by clay tends to be more prevalent for lamellae that grow roughly perpendicular to the clay long axes. This may give rise to an anisotropic crystalline morphology if the clay layers exhibit a preferred orientation induced by flow.