Boosted Water-Induced Electricity Generation via a Multistrategy Approach for a Self-Driven System

Carbon-based water-induced generators (WIGs) with unique advantages offer a promising method for autonomous power generation. However, the traditional configuration still suffers from low output power. Herein, we introduce a promising WIG with high power output achieved via a multistrategy approach for a self-driving intelligent water positioning platform. By rationally using electrokinetic regulation and synergism of galvanic effects, the optimal WIG enables the output of an open-circuit voltage of ∼823 mV and a short-circuit current of ∼109 μA, with a power density of 3.9 μW/cm², ∼62.4 times higher than previous reports under DI water. Additionally, such design demonstrates superior stability and versatility in multiple aqueous solutions and allows for the enhancement of output energy via series or parallel connections for low-power devices. As a proof of concept, a valuable self-powered positioning system has been successfully fabricated via our outstanding WIG integrated with lifesaving and mini positioning devices for immediate water rescue. Our proposed design has opened up an avenue for the iterative development of high-efficiency WIGs, promoting them toward valuable applications.