Exceptional performance of TiNb₂O₇ anode in all one-dimensional architecture by electrospinning

We report the extraordinary performance of an Li-ion battery (full-cell) constructed from one-dimensional nanostructured materials, i.e. nanofibers as cathode, anode, and separator-cum-electrolyte, by scalable electrospinning. Before constructing such a one-dimensional Li-ion battery, electrospun materials are individually characterized to ensure its performance and balancing the mass loading as well. The insertion type anode TiNb₂O₇ exhibits the reversible capacity of ∼271 mAh g^-1 at current density of 150 mA g^-1 with capacity retention of ∼82% after 100 cycles. Under the same current density, electrospun LiMn₂O ₄ cathode delivered the discharge capacity of ∼118 mAh g ^-1. Gelled electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) nanofibers membrane is used as the separator-cum-electrolyte in both half-cell and full-cell assembly which exhibit the liquid like conductivity of ∼2.9 mS cm^-1 at ambient conditions. Full-cell, LiMn ₂O₄|gelled PVdF-HFP|TiNb₂O₇ is constructed by optimized mass loading of cathode with respect to anode and tested between 1.95 and 2.75 V at room temperature. The full-cell delivered the reversible capacity of ∼116 mAh g^-1 at current density of 150 mA g^-1 with operating potential and energy density of ∼2.4 V and ∼278 Wh kg^-1, respectively. Further, excellent cyclability is noted for such configuration irrespective of the applied current densities.