Fiber- and Textile-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators

With the development of device integration and miniaturization, the requirements of wearable electronics, smart sensors, and distributed energy systems have increased extremely. One promising method to solve this issue is to integrate the mechanical energy harvesters into the fibers and textiles, which not only endows the garments with the functions of power supply and multifunctional sensing, but also realizes the flexibility, comfortability, and portability of wearable electronics. In this chapter, a comprehensive introduction of fiber- and textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), including the classification of textiles, material requirements and selection, device fabrication methods, structure design, and practical applications, is performed. Various performance optimization strategies, such as electrical output enhancement, stretchability and stability improvement, mass production, 3D interlacing/multilayer stacking structure design, and 3D printing technology, are also systematically illustrated, providing some guidance for the future material and structure design of high-performance fiber-/textile-based TENGs. A discussion of current challenges and perspectives is also presented, bringing some inspiration and possible directions for the future development of fiber- and textile-based TENGs.