Abstract
Ge and Sn (non-transition-metal) catalyzed living radical polymerizations were developed. Low-polydispersity (Mw/Mn1.1-1.3) polystyrenes, poly(methyl methacrylate)s, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s, and pol (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with predicted molecular weights were obtained with a fairly high conversion in a fairly short time. The pseudo-first-order activation rate constant kact for the styrene/ GeI4 (catalyst) system was large enough, even with a small amount of GeI4, to explain why the system provides low-polydispersity polymers from an early stage of polymerization. The retardation in the polymerization rate observed for the styrene/GeI4 system was kinetically proved to be mainly due to the cross-termination between the propagating radical with GeI3. Attractive features of the Ge and Sn catalysts include their high reactivity hence small amounts (1-5 mM) being required under a mild condition (at 60-80 8C), high solubility in organic media without ligands, insensitivity to air hence sample preparation being allowed in the air, and minor color and smell. The Ge catalysts may also be attractive for their low toxicity.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Radical Polymerization |
Subtitle of host publication | Kinetics and Mechanism |
Publisher | Wiley-Blackwell |
Pages | 126-131 |
Number of pages | 6 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783527610860 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783527320561 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - May 31 2007 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- General Engineering
- General Chemical Engineering
Keywords
- Germanium
- Iodide
- Living radical polymerization
- Non-transition metal
- Tin