Hierarchical vertical graphene nanotube arrays via universal carbon plasma processing strategy: A platform for high-rate performance battery electrodes

Tailoring graphene-based nanostructures with numerous edges and large porosity is critical in developing high-capacity and fast rate-response Na-ion battery. Here, we report a rapid and generalized strategy for preparation of hierarchical vertical graphene nanotube (hVGT) array via carbon plasma processing of CuO nanowires. A plausible mechanism is provided with the successful extension of such approach to grow hVGT array on different nanostructure templates such as Ni₃S₂, NiO and Co₃O₄. Benefiting from such unique structural advantages including high electrical conductivity, strong mechanical stability and highly porous structure, the self-supported MoS₂ nano-crystals anchored hVGT (MVGT) nano-frameworks deliver satisfactory Na-ion storage properties with enhanced rate capability and long-term cycling stability. Hence, it is worth emphasizing that this deterministic and plasma-based dry-synthesis method to fabricate hVGT architecture could provide new avenues in designing and fabricating high-performance carbon-based electrodes for energy storage devices.