Interdependence of Phase Chemistry, Microstructure, and Oxygen Fugacity in Titanate Nuclear Waste Ceramics

Titanate ceramic waste forms were prepared using several combinations of calcination atmosphere (N₂, N₂‐3.5% H₂, H₂) and metallic redox buffers (Ni, Fe, Ti, Al) to examine the dependence of microstructure and durability upon oxygen activity. It was found that the microstructures and phase assemblages were mostly insensitive to the fabrication method, although in detail systematic changes were recognized. The correlation of aqueous durability with oxygen fugacity was not straightforward, because of density variations in the hot‐pressed ceramics. These fluctuations in density dominated the dissolution characteristics of the waste forms and sometimes obscured the more subtle changes associated with redox potential. It is concluded that although the best durability is achieved at lower fugacities (i.e., Ti metal buffer and H₂ calcination atmosphere), a satisfactory product can be produced using any of the preparative routes examined, provided the material is completely densified.