Investigating the Effect of HCl Pre-Treatment and Single Step Impregnation-Activation Carbon of K2FeO4-KOH Catalyst on the Graphitization Process of Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches

Isnanda Nuriskasari, Anne Zulfia*, Tribidasari A. Ivandini, Afriyanti Sumboja, Bambang Priyono, Qingyu Yan

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

Abstract

The conversion of biomass to graphite requires a catalyst to promote the graphitization process. Effective pre-treatment and activation of the carbon precursor are crucial for improving the efficiency and success of biomass graphitization using metal catalysts. In this work, we investigate the combined effects of HCl pre-treatment and single-step impregnation carbon with K2FeO4, along with KOH activation, on the graphitization process of Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches (EPOFB). Xray fluorescence (XRF) data reveal that HCl pre-treatment effectively eliminates significant impurities, such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals, which can hinder the graphitization process. XRD and Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the combination of HCl pre-treatment and single-step impregnation carbon with K2FeO4, along with KOH activation significantly improves the graphitic quality of the carbon. High-quality graphitic carbon with an IG/ID ratio of 12.35 for the sample CpreHCl_K2FeO4(0.07)_KOH_1200 (EPOFB carbon pre-treated with HCl, followed by impregnation with K2FeO4 and activation with KOH, and then pyrolyzed at 1200°C). This particular sample displays a porous surface morphology and has a surface area of 876.407 m²/g. This study underscores the importance of acid pre-treatment and chemical activation in optimizing the preparation of high-quality graphitic carbon from biomass.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationSolid State Phenomena
PublisherTrans Tech Publications Ltd
Pages75-80
Number of pages6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2025
Externally publishedYes

Publication series

NameSolid State Phenomena
Volume369
ISSN (Print)1012-0394
ISSN (Electronic)1662-9779

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, All Rights Reserved.

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
  • General Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Keywords

  • Biomass
  • Graphitization
  • HCl pre-treatment
  • K2FeO4-KOH
  • Pyrolisis

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