Microstructure and current-voltage characteristics of praseodymium-doped zinc oxide varistors containing MnO2, Sb2O3 and Co3O4

H. H. Hng; K. M. Knowles

doi:10.1023/A:1014359204034

Microstructure and current-voltage characteristics of praseodymium-doped zinc oxide varistors containing MnO₂, Sb₂O₃ and Co₃O₄

H. H. Hng^*, K. M. Knowles

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

24 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The effects of the oxide additives MnO₂, Sb₂O₃ and Co₃O₄ commonly incorporated in commercial Bi₂O₃-doped ZnO varistors on the microstructure and the current-voltage characteristics of 0.5 mol% Pr₆O₁₁-doped ZnO varistors have been studied. A 1 mol% addition of Co₃O₄ to the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁ binary system does not produce any additional secondary phases in addition to Pr oxides. In contrast to this, the addition of 1 mol% MnO₂ complicates the simple two-phase microstructure of the 0.5 mol% Pr₆O₁₁-doped material by forming the perovskite-type structure Pr(Mn_1-xZn_x)O₃. The addition of Sb₂O₃ produces the pyrochlore Pr₃Zn₂Sb₃O₁₄ and spinel Zn₇Sb₂O₁₂ phases. Application of the Fresnel fringe technique and the diffuse dark field technique showed that there was an amorphous Pr-rich layer of thickness <2 nm residing between adjacent ZnO grains in all the samples studied.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1143-1154
Number of pages	12
Journal	Journal of Materials Science
Volume	37
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014359204034
Publication status	Published - Mar 15 2002
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

General Materials Science
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering

Access to Document

10.1023/A:1014359204034

Cite this

@article{b171b53b48df49099ba7aa1f3b183dd7,

title = "Microstructure and current-voltage characteristics of praseodymium-doped zinc oxide varistors containing MnO2, Sb2O3 and Co3O4",

abstract = "The effects of the oxide additives MnO2, Sb2O3 and Co3O4 commonly incorporated in commercial Bi2O3-doped ZnO varistors on the microstructure and the current-voltage characteristics of 0.5 mol% Pr6O11-doped ZnO varistors have been studied. A 1 mol% addition of Co3O4 to the ZnO-Pr6O11 binary system does not produce any additional secondary phases in addition to Pr oxides. In contrast to this, the addition of 1 mol% MnO2 complicates the simple two-phase microstructure of the 0.5 mol% Pr6O11-doped material by forming the perovskite-type structure Pr(Mn1-xZnx)O3. The addition of Sb2O3 produces the pyrochlore Pr3Zn2Sb3O14 and spinel Zn7Sb2O12 phases. Application of the Fresnel fringe technique and the diffuse dark field technique showed that there was an amorphous Pr-rich layer of thickness <2 nm residing between adjacent ZnO grains in all the samples studied.",

author = "Hng, {H. H.} and Knowles, {K. M.}",

year = "2002",

month = mar,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1023/A:1014359204034",

language = "English",

volume = "37",

pages = "1143--1154",

journal = "Journal of Materials Science",

issn = "0022-2461",

publisher = "Springer Netherlands",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Microstructure and current-voltage characteristics of praseodymium-doped zinc oxide varistors containing MnO2, Sb2O3 and Co3O4

AU - Hng, H. H.

AU - Knowles, K. M.

PY - 2002/3/15

Y1 - 2002/3/15

N2 - The effects of the oxide additives MnO2, Sb2O3 and Co3O4 commonly incorporated in commercial Bi2O3-doped ZnO varistors on the microstructure and the current-voltage characteristics of 0.5 mol% Pr6O11-doped ZnO varistors have been studied. A 1 mol% addition of Co3O4 to the ZnO-Pr6O11 binary system does not produce any additional secondary phases in addition to Pr oxides. In contrast to this, the addition of 1 mol% MnO2 complicates the simple two-phase microstructure of the 0.5 mol% Pr6O11-doped material by forming the perovskite-type structure Pr(Mn1-xZnx)O3. The addition of Sb2O3 produces the pyrochlore Pr3Zn2Sb3O14 and spinel Zn7Sb2O12 phases. Application of the Fresnel fringe technique and the diffuse dark field technique showed that there was an amorphous Pr-rich layer of thickness <2 nm residing between adjacent ZnO grains in all the samples studied.

AB - The effects of the oxide additives MnO2, Sb2O3 and Co3O4 commonly incorporated in commercial Bi2O3-doped ZnO varistors on the microstructure and the current-voltage characteristics of 0.5 mol% Pr6O11-doped ZnO varistors have been studied. A 1 mol% addition of Co3O4 to the ZnO-Pr6O11 binary system does not produce any additional secondary phases in addition to Pr oxides. In contrast to this, the addition of 1 mol% MnO2 complicates the simple two-phase microstructure of the 0.5 mol% Pr6O11-doped material by forming the perovskite-type structure Pr(Mn1-xZnx)O3. The addition of Sb2O3 produces the pyrochlore Pr3Zn2Sb3O14 and spinel Zn7Sb2O12 phases. Application of the Fresnel fringe technique and the diffuse dark field technique showed that there was an amorphous Pr-rich layer of thickness <2 nm residing between adjacent ZnO grains in all the samples studied.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0037088006&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0037088006&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1023/A:1014359204034

DO - 10.1023/A:1014359204034

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0037088006

SN - 0022-2461

VL - 37

SP - 1143

EP - 1154

JO - Journal of Materials Science

JF - Journal of Materials Science

IS - 6

ER -

Microstructure and current-voltage characteristics of praseodymium-doped zinc oxide varistors containing MnO₂, Sb₂O₃ and Co₃O₄

Abstract

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this