Mixing personal computer and handheld interfaces and devices: Effects on perceptions and attitudes

Interfaces designed only for personal computers or only for handhelds can now be displayed on both devices. In this experimental study (N=39), participants used interfaces designed for a personal computer or a handheld on a personal computer, a handheld with keyboard, and a handheld with a virtual keyboard/pen input. The context was an interactive natural language query system used for financial and entertainment inquiries. When the interface matched the device, the application was perceived as easier to use. Applications on the personal computer were perceived as easier to use, less impersonal, and made users feel more in control. The handheld interface was perceived as better on all dimensions. Implications for cross-platform interface design are discussed.