Molecular-Level Methylcellulose/MXene Hybrids with Greatly Enhanced Electrochemical Actuation

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene film is promising for electrochemical actuators due to its high electrical conductivity and volumetric capacitance. However, its actuation performance is limited by the slow ion diffusion through the film and poor mechanical property in aqueous electrolytes. Here, molecular-level methylcellulose (MC)/MXene hybrid films are assembled with obviously enlarged layer distance, improved wet strength, and ambient stability. The hybrid films show significantly higher in-plane actuation strain in a liquid electrolyte. Based on direct strain measurements, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, the actuation enhancement can be ascribed to the enlarged layer distance allowing more water and ions to be intercalated/de-intercalated and MC-induced sliding of MXene sheets. The assembled soft actuator has a high Young's modulus of 1.93 GPa and can be operated in air, generating a peak-to-peak strain difference up to 0.541% under a triangular wave voltage of ±1 V and a blocking force of 4.7 times its own weight.