Nanostructured TiO₂-Based Anode Materials for High-Performance Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as the most widely used power source for portable electronics and the electric vehicles industry, are expected to exhibit high standards in terms of safety, long lifespan, high energy density, and high power density. However, the commercial graphite anode still suffers from potential safety issues. To address this challenge, TiO₂-based materials are being widely explored as anode materials and promising progress has been achieved in the past few decades. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art for materials design strategies for TiO₂ materials to achieve high-performance LIBs. First, a brief discussion of the basic requirements for LIBs is introduced as a prerequisite. Second, for the purpose of improving the electrode performance with TiO₂ materials, the corresponding material engineering approaches are illustrated, which include intrinsic methods and extrinsic approaches. Lastly, the challenges and future perspectives for nanostructured TiO₂ toward high-performance LIBs are outlined. This review is expected to give a comprehensive understanding and guidance on TiO₂-based materials in the application of energy storage devices.