Neurovascular segregation of the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma

The imaging data of one eye from 154 healthy and 143 glaucoma participants were acquired to evaluate the contributions of the neuronal and vascular components within the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) for detecting glaucoma and modeling visual field loss through the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. The neuronal and vascular components within the circumpapillary RNFL were independently evaluated. In healthy eyes, the neuronal component showed a stronger association with age (r = −0.52, p < 0.001) compared to measured RNFL thickness (r = −0.46, p < 0.001). Using the neuronal component alone improved detection of glaucoma (AUC: 0.890 ± 0.020) compared to measured RNFL thickness (AUC: 0.877 ± 0.021; χ² = 5.54, p = 0.019). Inclusion of the capillary components with the sectoral neuronal component resulted in a significant improvement in glaucoma detection (AUC: 0.927 ± 0.015; χ² = 15.34, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, AUC increased to 0.952 ± 0.011. Results from modeling visual field loss in glaucoma eyes suggest that visual field losses associated with neuronal thinning were moderated in eyes with a larger capillary component. These findings suggest that segregation of the neurovascular components could help improve understanding of disease pathophysiology and affect disease management in glaucoma.