Regulating, implementing and evaluating AI in Singapore healthcare: AI governance roundtable’s view

Introduction: An interdisciplinary panel, comprising professionals from medicine, AI and data science, law and ethics, and patient advocacy, convened to discuss key principles on regulation, implementation and evaluation of AI models in healthcare for Singapore. Method: The panel considered 14 statements split across 4 themes: “The Role and Scope of Regulatory Entities,” “Regulatory Processes,” “Pre-Approval Evaluation of AI Models” and “Medical AI in Practice”. Moderated by a thematic representative, the panel deliberated on each statement and modified it until a majority agreement threshold is met. The roundtable meeting was convened in Singapore on 1 July 2024. While the statements reflect local perspectives, they may serve as a reference for other countries navigating similar challenges in AI governance in healthcare. Results: Balanced testing approaches, differentiated regulatory standards for autonomous and assistive AI, and context-sensitive requirements are essential in regulating AI models in healthcare. A hybrid approach—integrating global standards with local needs to ensure AI complements human decision-making and enhances clinical expertise—was recommended. Additionally, the need for patient involvement at multiple levels was underscored. There are active ongoing efforts towards development and refinement of AI governance guidelines and frameworks balancing between regulation and freedom. The statements defined therein provide guidance on how prevailing values and viewpoints can streamline AI implementation into healthcare. Conclusion: This roundtable discussion is among the first in Singapore to develop a structured set of statements tailored for the regulation, implementation and evaluation of AI models in healthcare, drawing on interdisciplinary expertise from medicine, AI, data science, law, ethics and patient advocacy.