Self-healable and stretchable perovskite-elastomer gas-solid triboelectric nanogenerator for gesture recognition and gripper sensing

Gas-solid triboelectric nanogenerators (GS-TENGs) based on porous elastomers provide a promising avenue for the design of self-powered sensors. However, the intrinsic limitation of low electric output in GS-TENGs could affect the accuracy and sensitivity of sensing systems. Here, we develop a porous composite by integrating an adhesive poly(siloxane-diphenylglyoxime-urethane) (PSDU) elastomer with ferroelectric (3,3-difluorocyclobutylammonium)₂ CuCl₄ [(DF-CBA)₂CuCl₄] fillers. PSDU, an intrinsically triboelectric negative material with alternating hard-soft segments and supramolecular bonds, imparts excellent compressibility, adhesion, and self-healing properties to the composite. Simultaneously, the incorporation of (DF-CBA)₂CuCl₄ as functional fillers leverages the formation of a hydrogen bonding network to enhance charge transfer processes. These fillers facilitate charge accumulation through an electric poling process, resulting in a power output improvement that surpasses 1400 times higher than that of a dense PSDU-based GS-TENG. Tapping onto the versatile properties of porous poly(siloxane-diphenylglyoximeurethane)-perovskite (PSDU-PK) GS-TENGs, applications such as hand gesture/food recognition and dual-mode sensing system have been demonstrated, suggesting their promising potential in wearable electronics and smart agriculture.