Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation

Jiancheng An; Chau Yuen; Yong Liang Guan; Marco Di Renzo; Merouane Debbah; H. Vincent Poor; Lajos Hanzo

doi:10.1109/ICC51166.2024.10622963

Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation

Jiancheng An^*, Chau Yuen^*, Yong Liang Guan^*, Marco Di Renzo, Merouane Debbah, H. Vincent Poor, Lajos Hanzo

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Staked intelligent metasurface (SIM) based techniques are developed to perform two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In contrast to conventional designs, an advanced SIM in front of a receiver array automatically performs the 2D discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as the incident waves propagate through it. To arrange for the SIM to carry out this task, we design a gradient descent algorithm for iteratively updating the phase shift of each meta-atom in the SIM to minimize the fitting error between the SIM's response and the 2D DFT matrix. To further improve the DOA estimation accuracy, we configure the phase shifts in the input layer of the SIM to generate a set of 2D DFT matrices having orthogonal spatial frequency bins. Extensive numerical simulations verify the capability of a well-trained SIM to perform the 2D DFT. Specifically, it is demonstrated that a SIM having an optical computational speed achieves an MSE of 10-⁴ in 2D DOA estimation.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications
Editors	Matthew Valenti, David Reed, Melissa Torres
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	3445-3451
Number of pages	7
ISBN (Electronic)	9781728190549
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC51166.2024.10622963
Publication status	Published - 2024
Externally published	Yes
Event	59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2024 - Denver, United States Duration: Jun 9 2024 → Jun 13 2024

Publication series

Name	IEEE International Conference on Communications
ISSN (Print)	1550-3607

Conference

Conference	59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2024
Country/Territory	United States
City	Denver
Period	6/9/24 → 6/13/24

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 IEEE.

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Computer Networks and Communications
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Keywords

direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation
reconfigurable intelligent surface
Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM)
wave-based computing

Access to Document

10.1109/ICC51166.2024.10622963

Cite this

An, J., Yuen, C., Guan, Y. L., Di Renzo, M., Debbah, M., Poor, H. V., & Hanzo, L. (2024). Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation. In M. Valenti, D. Reed, & M. Torres (Eds.), ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications (pp. 3445-3451). (IEEE International Conference on Communications). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC51166.2024.10622963

An, Jiancheng ; Yuen, Chau ; Guan, Yong Liang et al. / Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation. ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. editor / Matthew Valenti ; David Reed ; Melissa Torres. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024. pp. 3445-3451 (IEEE International Conference on Communications).

@inproceedings{db4a02bf8f914dbc889c3968aba38acb,

title = "Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation",

abstract = "Staked intelligent metasurface (SIM) based techniques are developed to perform two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In contrast to conventional designs, an advanced SIM in front of a receiver array automatically performs the 2D discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as the incident waves propagate through it. To arrange for the SIM to carry out this task, we design a gradient descent algorithm for iteratively updating the phase shift of each meta-atom in the SIM to minimize the fitting error between the SIM's response and the 2D DFT matrix. To further improve the DOA estimation accuracy, we configure the phase shifts in the input layer of the SIM to generate a set of 2D DFT matrices having orthogonal spatial frequency bins. Extensive numerical simulations verify the capability of a well-trained SIM to perform the 2D DFT. Specifically, it is demonstrated that a SIM having an optical computational speed achieves an MSE of 10-4 in 2D DOA estimation.",

keywords = "direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, reconfigurable intelligent surface, Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM), wave-based computing",

author = "Jiancheng An and Chau Yuen and Guan, {Yong Liang} and {Di Renzo}, Marco and Merouane Debbah and Poor, {H. Vincent} and Lajos Hanzo",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 IEEE.; 59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2024 ; Conference date: 09-06-2024 Through 13-06-2024",

year = "2024",

doi = "10.1109/ICC51166.2024.10622963",

language = "English",

series = "IEEE International Conference on Communications",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

pages = "3445--3451",

editor = "Matthew Valenti and David Reed and Melissa Torres",

booktitle = "ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications",

address = "United States",

}

An, J, Yuen, C, Guan, YL, Di Renzo, M, Debbah, M, Poor, HV & Hanzo, L 2024, Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation. in M Valenti, D Reed & M Torres (eds), ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE International Conference on Communications, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 3445-3451, 59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2024, Denver, United States, 6/9/24. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC51166.2024.10622963

Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation. / An, Jiancheng; Yuen, Chau; Guan, Yong Liang et al.
ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. ed. / Matthew Valenti; David Reed; Melissa Torres. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024. p. 3445-3451 (IEEE International Conference on Communications).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

TY - GEN

T1 - Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation

AU - An, Jiancheng

AU - Yuen, Chau

AU - Guan, Yong Liang

AU - Di Renzo, Marco

AU - Debbah, Merouane

AU - Poor, H. Vincent

AU - Hanzo, Lajos

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Staked intelligent metasurface (SIM) based techniques are developed to perform two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In contrast to conventional designs, an advanced SIM in front of a receiver array automatically performs the 2D discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as the incident waves propagate through it. To arrange for the SIM to carry out this task, we design a gradient descent algorithm for iteratively updating the phase shift of each meta-atom in the SIM to minimize the fitting error between the SIM's response and the 2D DFT matrix. To further improve the DOA estimation accuracy, we configure the phase shifts in the input layer of the SIM to generate a set of 2D DFT matrices having orthogonal spatial frequency bins. Extensive numerical simulations verify the capability of a well-trained SIM to perform the 2D DFT. Specifically, it is demonstrated that a SIM having an optical computational speed achieves an MSE of 10-4 in 2D DOA estimation.

AB - Staked intelligent metasurface (SIM) based techniques are developed to perform two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In contrast to conventional designs, an advanced SIM in front of a receiver array automatically performs the 2D discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as the incident waves propagate through it. To arrange for the SIM to carry out this task, we design a gradient descent algorithm for iteratively updating the phase shift of each meta-atom in the SIM to minimize the fitting error between the SIM's response and the 2D DFT matrix. To further improve the DOA estimation accuracy, we configure the phase shifts in the input layer of the SIM to generate a set of 2D DFT matrices having orthogonal spatial frequency bins. Extensive numerical simulations verify the capability of a well-trained SIM to perform the 2D DFT. Specifically, it is demonstrated that a SIM having an optical computational speed achieves an MSE of 10-4 in 2D DOA estimation.

KW - direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation

KW - reconfigurable intelligent surface

KW - Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM)

KW - wave-based computing

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AN - SCOPUS:85201181834

T3 - IEEE International Conference on Communications

SP - 3445

EP - 3451

BT - ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications

A2 - Valenti, Matthew

A2 - Reed, David

A2 - Torres, Melissa

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2024

Y2 - 9 June 2024 through 13 June 2024

ER -

An J, Yuen C, Guan YL, Di Renzo M, Debbah M, Poor HV et al. Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation. In Valenti M, Reed D, Torres M, editors, ICC 2024 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2024. p. 3445-3451. (IEEE International Conference on Communications). doi: 10.1109/ICC51166.2024.10622963

Stacked Intelligent Metasurface Performs a 2D DFT in the Wave Domain for DOA Estimation

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Keywords

Access to Document

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