Structure processing of web-based menus

Grounded in cognitive load theory, levels of processing theory, modes of learning research, and the facets of working memory (WM) framework, the primary goal of this investigation was to seek empirical evidence for a structure processing mechanism in WM that facilitates the coordination of associations made into coherent structures and the role this mechanism might play in performance and retention. This goal was motivated by a gap in the understanding of mental model production and encoding processes in WM. To carry out this goal, two usability studies were conducted to investigate retention, error, and time performance of Web-based menus created with structured or unstructured design. Relationships between these measures and coordination ability in WM, as well as storage and supervision ability, were also assessed. In Study 1, which tested simple Web-based menus, correlations of .28, -.56, and -.54 were detected between coordination (CC) and retention scores, CC and errors, and CC and time; in Study 2, which tested commercial Web-based menus, correlations of .46, -.45, and -.25 were detected. For Studies 1 and 2, differences in favor of structured design for retention, error, and time performance were highly significant (p < .001).