Synthesis of α-Fe₂O₃/carbon nanocomposites as high capacity electrodes for next generation lithium ion batteries: a review

Graphite, widely employed as an anode in LIBs, is limited by a theoretical capacity of 372 mA h g¹. Progress in nanoscience and energy storage systems has brought attention to nano-sized α-Fe₂O₃ as next-generation anodes, providing capacities up to three times higher than graphite. However, mass-market application remains challenging due to a long-term cycling capacity loss, the intrinsic low conductivity and safety concerns regarding the “nano-nature” of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. Promising solution concepts include the embedding of α-Fe₂O₃ into conductive sp² derived carbons with volume-buffer capabilities. This review article presents the current status of α-Fe₂O₃/carbon nanocomposites with superior electrochemical performance based on 2D graphene, 1D carbon nanofibers and 1D carbon nanotubes.