The Changi East Reclamation Project in Singapore

The Changi East Reclamation Project in Singapore is a multiphase project involving the formation of 2000 hectares (ha) of land by hydraulically placing sand fill on to soft seabed marine clay. Various types of ground improvement techniques including prefabricated vertical drains with surcharge preloading, deep compactions, and geotextile was adopted for reclamation and soil improvement works. More than 170 million meters of PVD was installed to accelerate the consolidation of up to 50-m-thick soft clay. More than 200. ha of reclaimed land was compacted using three deep compaction methods: dynamic compaction, Müller resonance compaction, and vibroflotation. The project also included the reclamation of a 180. ha slurry pond, which contained ultrasoft soil up to 20. m thick. Sand spreading and geotextile fabric that covered an area of 700. m. ×. 900. m was used for the reclamation of the slurry pond. A comprehensive study to characterize the marine clay and sand fill was also carried out by conducting various types of in situ and laboratory tests. Full-scale pilot tests on well-instrumented zones were also conducted to verify the design and assess the effectiveness of the soil improvement methods. In this chapter, an overview of the project and the land reclamation procedure is given. The soil improvement works carried out for this project and some typical field monitoring data are presented.