Thermal Stability and Mechanical Response of Bi₂Te₃-Based Materials for Thermoelectric Applications

Bi₂Te₃-based materials are among the most mature thermoelectric materials and have found wide near-room-temperature applications in power generation and spot cooling. Their practical applications often involve complicated service conditions, such as prolonged and large temperature gradients, clamping forces, and vibrational stresses. Thus, it is important to investigate the thermal stability and mechanical response of Bi₂Te₃-based materials. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the service performances of Bi₂Te₃-based materials. The thermal stabilities of both n- and p-type Bi₂Te₃-based materials are discussed when exposed to repetitive thermal loading, or fixed operational temperatures in vacuum or ambient atmosphere. Then, the mechanical responses of Bi₂Te₃-based materials are overviewed, including the quasi-static mechanical strength, compressive fatigue, and creep behavior. Lastly, the current concerns and future development of Bi₂Te₃-based materials are outlined.