Use of large-diameter, cast-in situ concrete pipe piles for embankment over soft clay

A new method of using large-diameter, cast-in situ concrete pipe (PCC) piles for embankments over soft clay is introduced in this paper. This PCC pile method offers a relatively quick and cost-effective way for soil improvement as compared with other existing soil improvement methods. The principles and construction techniques involved in this method are described. Full-scale model tests were conducted to evaluate the quality and performance of piles and the re-sponses of the surrounding soils. Methods that can be used to check the quality of the pipe piles are elaborated. A case study that illustrates the application of this method in a piled embankment over soft clay is presented.