Transitioning different stages of transport planning in urban areas: Experiences of Singapore and Vietnam

Level of urbanisation – as population density and transport demand – is rapidly increasing in many cities. Planning approaches vary from city to city and authorities everywhere are being challenged to provide sustainable infrastructure that meets social needs, maximise space and benefits. Transport planning, especially in urban areas, is crucial as it influences sustainable city-growth and space-usage. Transport planning can be classified into three stages, which evolve with level of urbanisation and other city’s characteristics: (1st) vehicle-based, (2nd) person or trip-based, and (3rd) liveable-city. This study presents an overview of the three transport planning stages and relevant examples. For each stage, the study discusses factors such as capacity, social needs, different modes of transport, features of the built-environment, emerging technologies (where applicable), and sustainability impacts. The focus is on planning approaches from Singapore to enhance the long-term vision for sustainable urban development of big cities in Vietnam. Singapore, being currently in the 3rd stage of planning, is focusing efforts in providing inclusive infrastructure and promoting sustainable modes of transport. Ho-Chi-Minh City and Hanoi are still focused on motorised transport with low rates of walking and cycling. Lessons from Singapore to Vietnam are delineated accordingly.